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Bridging History: A Mackinac Island Story
Lesson Plan
Digital Field Trips: Trips in Time with Janie Lynn Panagopoulos©
Bridging History: Mackinac Island
Lesson Plan
Subject
Mackinac Island, Michigan
Object and Goal
• Students will become familiar with the visual and historical location of Mackinac Island, Michigan.
• Students will gain historical knowledge of Mackinac Island, Michigan.
Vocabulary
Annisnabeeg
British
ecologist
environment
explorers
French
fur
fur traders
Great Lakes
Georgian Bay
Indians
Metis
Woodland Indians
Anticipatory Set (30 minutes)
• Briefly explain what this lesson is about.
• Ask students to define their understanding of the fur trade.
• Ask students if they are familiar with the name or location of Mackinac Island, Michigan (Show Michigan map and location of the Great Lakes.)
Direct Instructions:
Summary
Since the beginning of, known, time, Mackinac has been a place of environmental balance. First providing protected fishing grounds for the Annisnabeeg, and a safe hiding place for the Odawa. In 1615, the first French explorers found their way from Canada, into the Great Lakes via the Saint Lawrence and Ottawa rivers.
Explorers and Priests, LaSalle, Hennepin, Cadillac, Father Marquette, and Joliet all visited Mackinac Island, while the French fur trade flourished. By the 1700s, British fur traders made their way into the Great Lakes and up to Mackinac. Shortly after the French and Indian War, the British took control of the Straits of Mackinac and in 1780 began the plans for Fort Mackinac.
The fur trade continued under British control until after the American Revolution and War of 1812. In 1815, the Treaty of Ghent forced the British from the Island, as it had now become American soil and part of the Northwest Territory. In the same year, John Jacob Astor formed the American Fur Trade Company.
In 1875, Mackinac Island became the second National Park (Yellowstone being first), in the Nation. The National Park was disbanded in 1895, and all Federal property was given to the state of Michigan forming Michigan’s first state park.
View Straits of Mackinac Timeline at www.jlpanagopoulos.com
Guided Practice (60 minutes)
• Have students view Digital Field Trips: Bridging History: Mackinac Island Story.
• Discuss the video
• View again, if necessary, to look for different pieces of information.
• What did students notice, while looking at a map, the location of Mackinac Island?
• View primary source documents and web sites, concerning the Island and the fur trade.
Independent Practice
Closure
• Ask students:
1. What bodies of water are on either side of the Straits of Mackinac?
2. Have Native Americans always visited or lived on Mackinac Island?
3. Do Native Americans still live on Mackinac Island?
4. Did the Native Americans get along better with the French or the British?
5. What do they call a child who is part French and part Native American?
6. Is Mackinac Island currently a National Park or a State Park?
Links
Fur Trade in the Great Lakes: http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/founders/sitec23.htm
Mackinac Island State Park: http://www.mackinacparks.com/mackinac-island-state-park/
Books
A Place Called Home: A Mill Creek Story, by Janie Lynn Panagopoulos
Mark of the Bear Claw, (Pontiac’s Rebellion in Michigan) by Janie Lynn Panagopoulos
Traders in Time: A Dream Quest Adventure, (fur trade) by Janie Lynn Panagopoulos
ORDER BOOKS At: River Road Publications: riverroadpublications.com
Straits of Mackinac Timeline
Compiled by Janie Lynn Panagopoulos©
14,000 Glaciers retreated from the Straits
10,000 First known Native America’s live in the Straits
1634 Fur trading began in the Great Lakes
1641 First French Missionary, Fr. Raymbault, est. mission at St. Ignace
1650 Iroquois chase Hurons & Ottawa from Georgian Bay to Mackinac
1653 Iroquois warriors chase Hurons through the Straits
1665 First Jesuit, Father Allouez visits Mackinac Island
1666 Iroquois defeated at Pt. Iroquois
1670 Father Marquette and Father Dablo built Mackinac Island mission - First mention of Michilimackinac in Europe by Fr. Allouez
1671 Mission at St. Ignace established
1671-73 Father Marquette priest at the Straits
1672 Joliet arrives at Mission of St. Ignace to explore with Marquette
1672-73 Joliet and Marquette leave St. Ignace to Wisconsin River
1673-83 Father Pierson priest at the Straits
1673-83 Father Nouvel priest at the Straits
1675 Father Marquette dies along Lake Michigan
1683-86 Father Potier priest at the Straits
1677 Father Enjalran priest at the Straits
1678 Fort built at St. Ignace to protect the fur trade
1679 LaSalle’s ship the Griffin arrives at St. Ignace
1680-81 Father Hennepin priest at the Straits - Father Carheil priest at the Straits
1683 Father Bailloquet priest at the Straits - Fur trade cut off by raiding Iroquois
1685 Michilimackinac made military center of Northwest
1688-’06 Father Marest priest at the Straits
1690 Cadillac builds Fort DuBaude at St. Ignace
1690 Local Indians persuaded not to side with English & Iroquois
1694 Cadillac made commander at Fort DuBaude
1700 Mission church at St. Ignace destroyed by fire
1701 Cadillac moves soldiers from St. Ignace and founds Detroit
1705 Jesuits abandon the Mission at St. Ignace
1714-15 French build Fort Michilimackinac and Mission established there
1754-61 French and Indian War, British take control of the Straits
1761 Ezekiel Solomon first Jewish person to live in Michigan arrives
1763 Ft. Michilimackinac in connection with Pontiac’s Rebellion
1764 British return to Michilimackinac
1765-68 Maj. Rogers command Ft. Michilimackinac
1774-79 Maj. De Peyster commandant at Michilimackinac
1776 American Revolution begins
1779-1781 Ft. Michilimackinac burned and fort moves to Mackinac Island
1779 Lieut.-Gov. Sinclair arrives at Mackinac
1780 Robert Campbell builds Mill Creek to help build island fort - Old Chapel from Michilimackinac taken to Island, Astor Street
1781 Indians sold Mackinac Island to British for 5,000 pounds - Madame LaFramboise born
1783 American Revolution ends - English refuse to leave Fort Mackinac
1787 Northwest Territory Organized
1789 George Washington President
1795 English leave Fort Mackinac
1796 Fort Mackinac turned over to American forces
1797 John Adams President
1801 Thomas Jefferson President
1802 Rev. Bacon at Mackinac, first Protestant to preach on the island
1809 James Madison President - American Fur Co. est.
1812 War of 1812, British capture island and fort
1814 American’s defeated while trying to take back Mackinac Island
1815 End of War of 1812, Treaty of Ghent returns for to the U.S.
1817 James Monroe President
1819 Stuart manages the American Fur Co. on Island
1822 Alexis St. Martin shot and saved by Dr. Beaumont
1823 First Protestant Mission est. on Mackinac Island Ferry
1825 John Quincy Adams President
1825 First Protestant Mission school est. on the Island
1829 Andrew Jackson President
1830 Fishing replaces the fur trade as resource business
1831 Mission Church built and dedicated
1833 Schoolcraft becomes Indian ages for U.S. on Mackinac Island
1834 Rev. Ferry leaves Mission on Mackinac Island to Grand Haven - Ramsay Crook becomes President of the American Fur
1837 Martin Van Buren President
1841 William Henry Harrison President
1841 John Tyler President
1842 St. Andrews Parish starts on the Island
1845 James K. Polk President
1846 Madame LaFramboise dies April 4th.
1849 Zachary Taylor President
1850 Millard Fillmore President
1853 Franklin Pierce President
1857 James Buchanan
1861 Abraham Lincoln President - Civil War begins and soldiers at Ft. Mackinac leave to fight
1865 Andrew Johnson President
1866 Tourists begin to visit Mackinac Island
1869 Ulysses S. Grant President
1875 Mackinac National Park created, second in the Nation
1877 Rutherford B. Hayes President
1881 James A. Garfield President Chester A. Arthur V. President - Passenger ferry service est. to Mackinac Island
1882 County Seat transferred from Mackinac Island to St. Ignace
1883 Telegraph est. between Mackinac Island and St. Ignace
1885 Grover Cleveland President
1887 Grand Hotel built
1888 Railroad transfer steamer “St. Ignace” arrives in Mackinac
1889 Benjamin Harrison President
1893 Grover Cleveland President, again!
1894 Old Mission Church repaired and restored
1894 Soldiers leave Fort Mackinac for the last time
1895 Fort Mackinac becomes Mackinac State Park State Park Commission controls 95% of Mackinac Island
1895 William McKinley President
1957 Mackinaw Bridge built
Lesson Plan
Digital Field Trips: Trips in Time with Janie Lynn Panagopoulos©
Bridging History: Mackinac Island
Lesson Plan
Subject
Mackinac Island, Michigan
Object and Goal
• Students will become familiar with the visual and historical location of Mackinac Island, Michigan.
• Students will gain historical knowledge of Mackinac Island, Michigan.
Vocabulary
Annisnabeeg
British
ecologist
environment
explorers
French
fur
fur traders
Great Lakes
Georgian Bay
Indians
Metis
Woodland Indians
Anticipatory Set (30 minutes)
• Briefly explain what this lesson is about.
• Ask students to define their understanding of the fur trade.
• Ask students if they are familiar with the name or location of Mackinac Island, Michigan (Show Michigan map and location of the Great Lakes.)
Direct Instructions:
Summary
Since the beginning of, known, time, Mackinac has been a place of environmental balance. First providing protected fishing grounds for the Annisnabeeg, and a safe hiding place for the Odawa. In 1615, the first French explorers found their way from Canada, into the Great Lakes via the Saint Lawrence and Ottawa rivers.
Explorers and Priests, LaSalle, Hennepin, Cadillac, Father Marquette, and Joliet all visited Mackinac Island, while the French fur trade flourished. By the 1700s, British fur traders made their way into the Great Lakes and up to Mackinac. Shortly after the French and Indian War, the British took control of the Straits of Mackinac and in 1780 began the plans for Fort Mackinac.
The fur trade continued under British control until after the American Revolution and War of 1812. In 1815, the Treaty of Ghent forced the British from the Island, as it had now become American soil and part of the Northwest Territory. In the same year, John Jacob Astor formed the American Fur Trade Company.
In 1875, Mackinac Island became the second National Park (Yellowstone being first), in the Nation. The National Park was disbanded in 1895, and all Federal property was given to the state of Michigan forming Michigan’s first state park.
View Straits of Mackinac Timeline at www.jlpanagopoulos.com
Guided Practice (60 minutes)
• Have students view Digital Field Trips: Bridging History: Mackinac Island Story.
• Discuss the video
• View again, if necessary, to look for different pieces of information.
• What did students notice, while looking at a map, the location of Mackinac Island?
• View primary source documents and web sites, concerning the Island and the fur trade.
Independent Practice
Closure
• Ask students:
1. What bodies of water are on either side of the Straits of Mackinac?
2. Have Native Americans always visited or lived on Mackinac Island?
3. Do Native Americans still live on Mackinac Island?
4. Did the Native Americans get along better with the French or the British?
5. What do they call a child who is part French and part Native American?
6. Is Mackinac Island currently a National Park or a State Park?
Links
Fur Trade in the Great Lakes: http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/founders/sitec23.htm
Mackinac Island State Park: http://www.mackinacparks.com/mackinac-island-state-park/
Books
A Place Called Home: A Mill Creek Story, by Janie Lynn Panagopoulos
Mark of the Bear Claw, (Pontiac’s Rebellion in Michigan) by Janie Lynn Panagopoulos
Traders in Time: A Dream Quest Adventure, (fur trade) by Janie Lynn Panagopoulos
ORDER BOOKS At: River Road Publications: riverroadpublications.com
Straits of Mackinac Timeline
Compiled by Janie Lynn Panagopoulos©
14,000 Glaciers retreated from the Straits
10,000 First known Native America’s live in the Straits
1634 Fur trading began in the Great Lakes
1641 First French Missionary, Fr. Raymbault, est. mission at St. Ignace
1650 Iroquois chase Hurons & Ottawa from Georgian Bay to Mackinac
1653 Iroquois warriors chase Hurons through the Straits
1665 First Jesuit, Father Allouez visits Mackinac Island
1666 Iroquois defeated at Pt. Iroquois
1670 Father Marquette and Father Dablo built Mackinac Island mission - First mention of Michilimackinac in Europe by Fr. Allouez
1671 Mission at St. Ignace established
1671-73 Father Marquette priest at the Straits
1672 Joliet arrives at Mission of St. Ignace to explore with Marquette
1672-73 Joliet and Marquette leave St. Ignace to Wisconsin River
1673-83 Father Pierson priest at the Straits
1673-83 Father Nouvel priest at the Straits
1675 Father Marquette dies along Lake Michigan
1683-86 Father Potier priest at the Straits
1677 Father Enjalran priest at the Straits
1678 Fort built at St. Ignace to protect the fur trade
1679 LaSalle’s ship the Griffin arrives at St. Ignace
1680-81 Father Hennepin priest at the Straits - Father Carheil priest at the Straits
1683 Father Bailloquet priest at the Straits - Fur trade cut off by raiding Iroquois
1685 Michilimackinac made military center of Northwest
1688-’06 Father Marest priest at the Straits
1690 Cadillac builds Fort DuBaude at St. Ignace
1690 Local Indians persuaded not to side with English & Iroquois
1694 Cadillac made commander at Fort DuBaude
1700 Mission church at St. Ignace destroyed by fire
1701 Cadillac moves soldiers from St. Ignace and founds Detroit
1705 Jesuits abandon the Mission at St. Ignace
1714-15 French build Fort Michilimackinac and Mission established there
1754-61 French and Indian War, British take control of the Straits
1761 Ezekiel Solomon first Jewish person to live in Michigan arrives
1763 Ft. Michilimackinac in connection with Pontiac’s Rebellion
1764 British return to Michilimackinac
1765-68 Maj. Rogers command Ft. Michilimackinac
1774-79 Maj. De Peyster commandant at Michilimackinac
1776 American Revolution begins
1779-1781 Ft. Michilimackinac burned and fort moves to Mackinac Island
1779 Lieut.-Gov. Sinclair arrives at Mackinac
1780 Robert Campbell builds Mill Creek to help build island fort - Old Chapel from Michilimackinac taken to Island, Astor Street
1781 Indians sold Mackinac Island to British for 5,000 pounds - Madame LaFramboise born
1783 American Revolution ends - English refuse to leave Fort Mackinac
1787 Northwest Territory Organized
1789 George Washington President
1795 English leave Fort Mackinac
1796 Fort Mackinac turned over to American forces
1797 John Adams President
1801 Thomas Jefferson President
1802 Rev. Bacon at Mackinac, first Protestant to preach on the island
1809 James Madison President - American Fur Co. est.
1812 War of 1812, British capture island and fort
1814 American’s defeated while trying to take back Mackinac Island
1815 End of War of 1812, Treaty of Ghent returns for to the U.S.
1817 James Monroe President
1819 Stuart manages the American Fur Co. on Island
1822 Alexis St. Martin shot and saved by Dr. Beaumont
1823 First Protestant Mission est. on Mackinac Island Ferry
1825 John Quincy Adams President
1825 First Protestant Mission school est. on the Island
1829 Andrew Jackson President
1830 Fishing replaces the fur trade as resource business
1831 Mission Church built and dedicated
1833 Schoolcraft becomes Indian ages for U.S. on Mackinac Island
1834 Rev. Ferry leaves Mission on Mackinac Island to Grand Haven - Ramsay Crook becomes President of the American Fur
1837 Martin Van Buren President
1841 William Henry Harrison President
1841 John Tyler President
1842 St. Andrews Parish starts on the Island
1845 James K. Polk President
1846 Madame LaFramboise dies April 4th.
1849 Zachary Taylor President
1850 Millard Fillmore President
1853 Franklin Pierce President
1857 James Buchanan
1861 Abraham Lincoln President - Civil War begins and soldiers at Ft. Mackinac leave to fight
1865 Andrew Johnson President
1866 Tourists begin to visit Mackinac Island
1869 Ulysses S. Grant President
1875 Mackinac National Park created, second in the Nation
1877 Rutherford B. Hayes President
1881 James A. Garfield President Chester A. Arthur V. President - Passenger ferry service est. to Mackinac Island
1882 County Seat transferred from Mackinac Island to St. Ignace
1883 Telegraph est. between Mackinac Island and St. Ignace
1885 Grover Cleveland President
1887 Grand Hotel built
1888 Railroad transfer steamer “St. Ignace” arrives in Mackinac
1889 Benjamin Harrison President
1893 Grover Cleveland President, again!
1894 Old Mission Church repaired and restored
1894 Soldiers leave Fort Mackinac for the last time
1895 Fort Mackinac becomes Mackinac State Park State Park Commission controls 95% of Mackinac Island
1895 William McKinley President
1957 Mackinaw Bridge built
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